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Herman Jacob Mankiewicz (pronounced ); November 7, 1897 – March 5, 1953) was an American screenwriter, who, with Orson Welles, wrote the screenplay for ''Citizen Kane'' (1941). Earlier, he was the Berlin correspondent for the ''Chicago Tribune'' and the drama critic for ''The New York Times'' and ''The New Yorker''.〔 Alexander Woollcott said that Herman Mankiewicz was the "funniest man in New York".〔 Both Mankiewicz and Welles received Academy Awards for their screenplay. He was often asked to fix the screenplays of other writers, with much of his work uncredited. What distinguished his writing from that of other writers were occasional flashes of the "Mankiewicz humor" and satire that became valued in the films of the 1930s. That style of writing included a slick, satirical, and witty humor, which depended almost totally on dialogue to carry the film. It was a style that would become associated with the "typical American film" of that period.〔 Film author Pauline Kael credits Mankiewicz with having written, alone or with others, "about forty of the films I remember best from the twenties and thirties," adding, "I hadn't realized how extensive his career was. . . he was a key linking figure in just the kind of movies my friends and I loved best. These were the hardest-headed periods of American movies.〔 Director and screenwriter Nunnally Johnson said that the "two most brilliant men he has ever known were George S. Kaufman and Herman Mankiewicz, and that Mankiewicz was the more brilliant of the two. ...() spearheaded the movement of that whole Broadway style of wisecracking, fast-talking, cynical-sentimental entertainment onto the national scene."〔 Among the screenplays he wrote or worked on, besides ''Citizen Kane'', were ''The Wizard of Oz'', ''Man of the World'', ''Dinner at Eight'', ''Pride of the Yankees'', and ''The Pride of St. Louis''. Mankiewicz's younger brother was Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1909–1993), also an Oscar-winning Hollywood director, screenwriter, and producer. ==Personal life== Herman Mankiewicz was born in New York City in 1897. His parents were of German Jewish ancestry: his father, Franz Mankiewicz, was born in Berlin and emigrated to the U.S. from Hamburg in 1892.〔 He arrived in the U.S. with his wife, a dressmaker named Johanna Blumenau, who was from the German-speaking Kurland region."〔 The family lived first in New York and then moved to Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, where Herman's father accepted a teaching position. In 1909, Herman's brother, Joseph L. Mankiewicz (who himself would have a career as a successful writer, producer, and director), was born, and both boys and a sister spent their childhood there. The family moved to New York City in 1913, and Herman graduated from Columbia University in 1917. After a period as managing editor of the ''American Jewish Chronicle'', he became a flying cadet with the United States Army in 1917, and, in 1918, a private first class with the Marines, A.E.F. In 1919 and 1920, he became director of the American Red Cross News Service in Paris, and after returning to the U.S. married Sara Aaronson, of Baltimore. He took his bride overseas with him on his next job as a foreign correspondent in Berlin from 1920 to 1922, doing political reporting for George Seldes on the ''Chicago Tribune.''〔 He was a "bookish, introspective child who, despite his intelligence, was never able to win approval from his demanding father" who was known to belittle his achievements.〔Kilbourne, Don. ''Dictionary of Literary Biography'' vol. 26, ''American Screenwriter'', Gale Research, (1984)〕 He became an alcoholic, which hurt his career by the late 1930s. His children were screenwriter Don Mankiewicz (1922-2015), politician Frank Mankiewicz (1924-2014), and novelist Johanna Mankiewicz Davis (1937-1974). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herman J. Mankiewicz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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